


The time span of Gray’s work has seen many changes in both the cultural and political identity of Scotland, such as the Scottish parliament gaining independence from London (1999), as well as a great rise in the success (both literary and commercial) of the country’s younger writers, including James Kelman, Irvine Welsh and A. The year 2014 marked the eightieth birthday of Alasdair Gray, “one of Scotland’s foremost writers and now widely seen as the grand old man behind the recent Scottish literary and cultural revival” 1 (Dietmar Böhnke, l).
